Importare e caricare i file sorgente in Solidity

Ci sono due ragioni principali per caricare file esterni in Remix:

per importare una libreria o una dipendenza (per file che NON verranno modificati)
to load some files for manipulation and editing (for files you might want to edit)

Importare una libreria o una dipendenza

When importing from npm, or a URL (like GitHub, an IPFS gateway, or a Swarm gateway) you do not need to do anything more than use the import statement in your contract. The dependencies do not need to be «preloaded» into the File Explorer’s current Workspace before the contract is compiled.

Files loaded from the import statement are placed in the File Explorer’s current Workspace’s .deps folder.

Under the hood, Remix checks to see if the files are already loaded in the .deps directory. If not, it gets them via unpkg if it is an npm lib.

Ecco alcuni esempi di dichiarazioni di import:

Import from npm

Use an npm package name directly in the import path. Remix resolves the package automatically via unpkg.

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts@4.2.0/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

Nota

In the scoped-package example above, @openzeppelin is the name of the npm library. In the following example the library’s name does not begin with an @ - but Remix will go and check npm for a library of that name.

import "solidity-linked-list/contracts/StructuredLinkedList.sol";

Import from a GitHub URL

Paste a full GitHub URL to import a file directly from a public repository.

import "https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v2.5.0/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol";

You should specify the release tag (where available), otherwise you will get the latest code in the main branch. For OpenZeppelin Contracts you should only use code published in an official release, the example above imports from OpenZeppelin Contracts v2.5.0.

Importa da Swarm

Use a bzz-raw:// URI to import a file stored on the Swarm decentralized storage network.

import 'bzz-raw://5766400e5d6d822f2029b827331b354c41e0b61f73440851dd0d06f603dd91e5';

Importa da IPFS

Use an ipfs:// URI to import a file stored on the IPFS network.

import 'ipfs://Qmdyq9ZmWcaryd1mgGZ4PttRNctLGUSAMpPqufsk6uRMKh';

Importare un file locale non in .deps

Per importare un file NON presente nella cartella .deps, utilizzare un percorso relativo (./). Per esempio:

import "./myLovelyLovelyLib.sol";

Avvertimento

Imports cannot reference files in a different Workspace. Both the contract and its dependencies must be in the same Workspace.

Importare un file dal filesystem del computer

This method uses Remix Desktop, which has direct access to your computer’s filesystem. Open the folder you want to work with from within the Remix Desktop app and its files will appear in the File Explorer.

Ulteriori informazioni sulla parola chiave import

Per una spiegazione dettagliata della parola chiave import si veda la Documentazione di Solidity

Importing files for manipulation

When importing from the home tab widgets or with a remix command in the console, the files are placed in the root of the current Workspace inside a folder that shows their source - eg GitHub or gists.

Pulsanti di import nella scheda home di Remix

The Gist, GitHub, Swarm, IPFS, & HTTPS buttons are to assist in getting files into Remix so you can explore.

Cliccando su uno dei pulsanti di import, si aprirà una finestra di dialogo come questa:

No need to wrap the URL or ID in quotes.

Caricamento con un comando remix nella console

I 2 comandi di remix per il caricamento sono:

remix.loadurl(url)
remix.loadgist(id)

remix.loadurl('https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v2.5.0/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol')

remix.loadgist('5362adf2000afa4cbdd2c6d239e06bf5')

Accesso ai file caricati dalla scheda Home o da un comando di remix

When you load from GitHub, a folder named github is created in the root of your current workspace. To import a file from the github folder, you would use a command like this:

import "github/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol";

Notice that this import statement doesn’t include the version information that was in the remix.load(url) command. So it is recommended that you use the methods described at the top of this page for importing dependencies that you are not intending to edit.

Assume the .sol file that contained the import statement above is in the contracts folder. Notice that this import statement didn’t need to traverse back to the github folder with a relative path like: ../github.