部署 & 运行

部署与运行模块是为了将交易发送到当前的环境中。

The three main actions of the Deploy & Run module are:

  1. Deploying a contract

  2. Accessing an onchain contract

  3. Interacting with the functions of a deployed contract

This documentation page will cover Deploying and Accessing. Interacting will be covered in Deploy & Run part 2.

To deploy a contract, you need to have a contract compiled. To check that there is a compiled contract, look in the CONTRACT select box under the VALUE input field.

If nothing is there, you'll need to compile a contract. If you do not see your desired contract in the CONTRACT select box list, make sure the file with the contract is the active tab in the Editor.

Once the contract is selected, choose the chain for deployment and/or method for deployment in the ENVIRONMENT select box.

NOTE: If you want to connect Remix with a browser wallet (like Metamask) you should use the Injected Provider. Then in the browser wallet, you can select your desired chain when you have input its configuration.

For assistance with getting the correct configuration (the RPC server address, etc.), click the plug icon next the word ENVIRONMENT to go to chainlist.org.

Remix VM

The Remix VM is a sandbox blockchain in the browser. Transactions do not require an approval to run. Remix VM comes with 10 accounts, each loaded with 100 ETH.

In the current version of Remix, the state of the Remix VM chain is saved in the .states folder in the File Explorer. This was not the case in earlier versions of Remix where this chain would reset when the browser was refreshed.

To prevent saving of the Remix VM chain state, uncheck the Save environment state in the Settings panel.

Saving the state means you can refresh the browser and not lose your work, the caveat being that browser storage is inherently unstable. Of course if you push to a remote repo, or if you use Remixd to share a folder on your hard drive, then you are not relying on the browser to save your work.

In collaborative workflows, sharing the state of the Remix VM is a great way to work out bugs. Just have your teammates load the state.json file into their instance of Remix.

环境

  • Injected Provider - provider name: Connects Remix to an Injected Web3 Provider. The most common injected provider is Metamask.

  • Remix VM (Cancun) : Cancun is the current fork of Ethereum

  • Remix VM - Mainnet fork : This will fork the Ethereum mainnet and load it into the Remix VM. This is useful for developing contracts that need to access deployed mainnet contracts. (See below for more info about forking.)

  • Remix VM - Sepolia fork : Same as above except this forks the Sepolia testnet. (See below for more info about forking.)

  • Remix VM - Custom fork : Forks a chain at the block number and in an EVM version of your choice. (See below for more info about forking.)

  • Testnet - Sepolia Connects Remix to an Injected Provider (using a browser wallet) with the settings for the Sepolia test network.

  • WalletConnect：将Remix连接到移动设备上的钱包。

  • L2 - Optimism Provider: Connects Remix to an Injected Provider (using a browser wallet) with the settings for the Optimism mainnet.

  • L2 - Arbitrum One Provider: Connects Remix to an Injected Provider (using a browser wallet) with the settings for the Arbitrum One network.

  • Ephemery Testnet: Connects Remix to an Injected Provider (using a browser wallet) with the settings for the Ephemery network. Ephemery is a test chain that regularly refreshes. As such, it is much easier to get test ETH from its faucets.

  • Custom - External HTTP Provider: Connects Remix to a remote node. The URL of the selected provider — Geth, Parity or any Ethereum client — needs to be input. (See below for more info about External HTTP Provider.)

  • Dev - Hardhat Provider：将Remix连接到本地Hardhat测试链。

  • Dev - Ganache Provider: Connects Remix to a local Truffle Ganache test chain. —

  • Dev - Foundry Provider：将Remix连接到本地Foundry Anvil测试链。

  • Remix VM (Shanghai) : The Remix VM with the functionality of the Shanghai fork.

  • Remix VM (Paris) : The Remix VM with the functionality of the Paris fork.

  • Remix VM (London) : The Remix VM with the functionality of the London fork.

  • Remix VM (Berlin) : The Remix VM with the functionality of the Berlin fork.

Remix中的分叉链

Forking a chain will bring that chain to the Remix VM. Once it is forked, you'll have access to the 10 accounts loaded with 100 ETH.

不过要小心，如果你刷新浏览器，你会失去分叉的链。

定制Fork

自定义分叉选项允许你指定一个链的RPC服务器，一个区块号码和一个EVM版本。

You can get the Node URL from chainlist.org. If the chain does not load, you may need to choose a different RPC server. You will also need to choose an EVM version appropriate to the block number. So, if you choose a very low block number, the EVM with the Merge “flavor” won’t work because this version of the EVM came out after your chosen block.

更多关于外部 HTTP Provider

If you are using Geth and https://remix.ethereum.org, please use the following Geth command to allow requests from Remix:

geth --http --http.corsdomain https://remix.ethereum.org

请参阅 Geth 文档中关于 http 服务的内容

To run Remix using https://remix.ethereum.org and a local test node, use this Geth command:

geth --http --http.corsdomain="https://remix.ethereum.org" --http.api web3,eth,debug,personal,net --vmdebug --datadir <path/to/local/folder/for/test/chain> --dev console

If you are using Remix-alpha or a local version of Remix, replace the url of the --http.corsdomain with the url of Remix that you are using.

To run Remix Desktop and a local test node, use this Geth command:

geth --http --http.corsdomain="package://a7df6d3c223593f3550b35e90d7b0b1f.mod" --http.api web3,eth,debug,personal,net --vmdebug --datadir <path/to/local/folder/for/test/chain> --dev console

请参阅 Geth 文档中关于开发模式的内容

本地节点的 Web3 Provider Endpoint 是 http://localhost:8545

提醒: 别偷懒。有一种很不明智的做法，就是在 Geth 参数标识 --http.corsdomain 后面跟一个通配符: --http.corsdomain *

If you put the wildcard *, it means everyone can request the node. Whereas, if you put a URL, it restricts the urls to just that one instance - e.g. --http.corsdomain 'https://remix-alpha.ethereum.org'

Only use --http.corsdomain * when using a test chain AND using only test accounts. For real accounts or on the mainchain, specify the url.

账户：

  • Account: the list of accounts associated with the current environment (and their associated balances). On the Remix VM, you have a choice of five accounts. If using Injected Provider with MetaMask, you need to switch the account in MetaMask.

Gas 限制：

  • This sets the maximum amount of gas allowed to be spent for all the contract transactions created in Remix.

以太币：

  • This sets the amount of ETH, WEI, GWEI, etc. that is sent to a contract or a payable function.
    Note: payable functions have a red button.

每笔交易执行后，这个 Value 字段总是会被重置为0。
这个 Value 字段不是用作 gas 消耗的。

Deploy and AtAddress

  • 在上图中，下拉选框选中了 Ballot。 这个下拉选框会包含已编译合约的列表。

  • Deploy sends a transaction that deploys the selected contract. When the transaction is mined, the newly created instance will be added (this might take several seconds).
    Note: If the contract's constructor function has parameters, you will need to specify them.

  • AtAddress is used to access a contract that has already been deployed. Because the contract is already deployed, accessing a contract with AtAddress does not cost gas.

注意: 当使用 AtAddress 时，请您确保这个地址的合约是可信的。

To use AtAddress, you need to have the source code or ABI of the deployed contract in the active tab of the Editor. When using the source code, it must be compiled with the same compilation settings as the deployed contract that you are trying to access.

通过 ABI 来使用 AtAddress

ABI 是一个描述合约接口的 JSON 数组。

To interact with a contract using the ABI, create a new file in Remix with extension *.abi and copy the ABI content into it.

Make sure this file is the active tab in the Editor. Then, in the field next to At Address, input the contract's address and click on At Address. If successful, an instance of the contract will appear below in the list of Deployed Contracts.

Note: To generate the ABI, in the Solidity compiler after a contract is compiled, click on the Compilation Details button. A modal will come up that contains the ABI, among other info.

Pending 实例

Validating a transaction may take several seconds. During this time, the GUI shows it in a pending mode. When the transaction is mined, the number of pending transactions updates, and the transaction is added to the log (see terminal).

使用记录器

The Recorder is a tool used to save a bunch of transactions in a JSON file and re-run them later, either in the same environment or in another.

Saving to the JSON file (by default it's called scenario.json) allows one to easily check the transaction list, tweak input parameters, change linked libraries, etc.

There are many use cases for the Recorder.

例如：

  • After having coded and tested contracts in a constrained environment, like the Remix VM, you could then switch the environment and redeploy the contract to a more realistic environment, like a public testnet or to a Geth node. By using the generated scenario.json file, you will be using all the same settings that you used in the Remix VM. And, this means that you won't need to click the interface 100 times or whatever to get the state that you achieved originally. Thus the Recorder can be a tool to protect your sanity.

    您还可以更改 scenario.json 文件中的设置来自定义交易回放。

  • Deploying a contract often requires more than creating one transaction, and the Recorder will automate this deployment.

  • Working in a dev environment often requires setting up the state initially.

选中 使用最新的编译结果运行交易 这个选项后，您可以在开发合约的同时很方便地使用最新的编译结果设置初始状态。

scenario.json

To create this file in the Recorder, you first need to have run some transactions. In the image above, it shows a 0 next to Transactions Recorded. So, this isn't the right moment to save transactions because, well, because there aren't any. But, each time you make a transaction, that number will increment. So, when you are ready with some transactions, click the floppy disk icon and the scenario.json file will be created.

下面的 JSON 文件是 scenario.json 文件的一个示例。

In it, three transactions are executed:

第一笔交易对应 testLib 库的部署。

第二个笔交易对应 test 合约的部署，构造函数的第一个参数设置为 11。该合约依赖于一个库。 这个库的关联引用是用属性 linkReferences 来指定的。 在这种情况下，我们会使用之前创建的库的地址：created{1512830014773} 。 这个数字是创建这个库的交易的 id(时间戳)。

第三笔交易对应 test 合约的 set 函数的调用(属性 to 设置为：created{1512830015080})。 输入参数为 1 和 0xca35b7d915458ef540ade6068dfe2f44e8fa733c

所有这些交易都是用账户 account{0} 的以太币来创建的。

{
"accounts": {
    "account{0}": "0xca35b7d915458ef540ade6068dfe2f44e8fa733c"
},
"linkReferences": {
    "testLib": "created{1512830014773}"
},
"transactions": [
    {
    "timestamp": 1512830014773,
    "record": {
        "value": "0",
        "parameters": [],
        "abi": "0xbc36789e7a1e281436464229828f817d6612f7b477d66591ff96a9e064bcc98a",
        "contractName": "testLib",
        "bytecode": "60606040523415600e57600080fd5b60968061001c6000396000f300606060405260043610603f576000357c0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000900463ffffffff1680636d4ce63c146044575b600080fd5b604a6060565b6040518082815260200191505060405180910390f35b6000610d809050905600a165627a7a7230582022d123b15248b8176151f8d45c2dc132063bcc9bb8d5cd652aea7efae362c8050029",
        "linkReferences": {},
        "type": "constructor",
        "from": "account{0}"
    }
    },
    {
    "timestamp": 1512830015080,
    "record": {
        "value": "100",
        "parameters": [
        11
        ],
        "abi": "0xc41589e7559804ea4a2080dad19d876a024ccb05117835447d72ce08c1d020ec",
        "contractName": "test",
        "bytecode": "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__browser/ballot.sol:testLib____________636d4ce63c6000604051602001526040518163ffffffff167c010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002815260040160206040518083038186803b151561022e57600080fd5b6102c65a03f4151561023f57600080fd5b505050604051805190509050905600a165627a7a72305820e0b2510bb2890a0334bfe5613d96db3e72442e63b514cdeaee8fc2c6bbd19d3a0029",
        "linkReferences": {
        "browser/ballot.sol": {
            "testLib": [
            {
                "length": 20,
                "start": 511
            }
            ]
        }
        },
        "name": "",
        "type": "constructor",
        "from": "account{0}"
    }
    },
    {
    "timestamp": 1512830034180,
    "record": {
        "value": "1000000000000000000",
        "parameters": [
        1,
        "0xca35b7d915458ef540ade6068dfe2f44e8fa733c"
        ],
        "to": "created{1512830015080}",
        "abi": "0xc41589e7559804ea4a2080dad19d876a024ccb05117835447d72ce08c1d020ec",
        "name": "set",
        "type": "function",
        "from": "account{0}"
    }
    }
],
"abis": {
    "0xbc36789e7a1e281436464229828f817d6612f7b477d66591ff96a9e064bcc98a": [
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "get",
        "outputs": [
        {
            "name": "",
            "type": "uint256"
        }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    }
    ],
    "0xc41589e7559804ea4a2080dad19d876a024ccb05117835447d72ce08c1d020ec": [
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "getInt",
        "outputs": [
        {
            "name": "",
            "type": "uint256"
        }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "getFromLib",
        "outputs": [
        {
            "name": "",
            "type": "uint256"
        }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "getAddress",
        "outputs": [
        {
            "name": "",
            "type": "address"
        }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
        {
            "name": "_t",
            "type": "uint256"
        },
        {
            "name": "_add",
            "type": "address"
        }
        ],
        "name": "set",
        "outputs": [],
        "payable": true,
        "stateMutability": "payable",
        "type": "function"
    },
    {
        "inputs": [
        {
            "name": "_r",
            "type": "uint256"
        }
        ],
        "payable": true,
        "stateMutability": "payable",
        "type": "constructor"
    }
    ]
}
}